***
The Aristotelian syllogistic logic behind the Fisherian p-value is ubiquitously misunderstood. This can lead to various fallacious logical inferences. The p-value resembles a Kantian paralogism, i.e., the metric appears objective and logically valid, even though it is not. The reliance on the p-value is an irrational social ritual (cf. Gigerenzer, 2004). Social conformity, obedience to authority, groupthink, and other aspects of Social Identity Theory (SIT) play an important role in this context.
Given the well-documented paralogisms associated with classical Fisherian null hypothesis significance testing (cf. Cohen, 1994) I advocate alternative inferential research methods. For the statistical analyses of the experimental data I collected during my PhD I utilised Bayesian bootstrapping, Bayes Factor analysis, and Bayesian parameter estimation via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations (in addition to classical NHST).
“Few researchers are aware that their own heroes rejected what they practice routinely. Awareness of the origins of the ritual and of its rejection could cause a virulent cognitive dissonance, in addition to dissonance with editors, reviewers, and dear colleagues. Suppression of conflicts and contradicting information is in the very nature of this social ritual.”
(Gerd Gigerenzer, 2004, p. 592; Director Emeritus of the Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, inter alia)
/*!
* Base CSS for pdf2htmlEX
* Copyright 2012,2013 Lu Wang
* https://github.com/coolwanglu/pdf2htmlEX/blob/master/share/LICENSE
*/#sidebar{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;width:250px;padding:0;margin:0;overflow:auto}#page-container{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}@media screen{#sidebar.opened+#page-container{left:250px}#page-container{bottom:0;right:0;overflow:auto}.loading-indicator{display:none}.loading-indicator.active{display:block;position:absolute;width:64px;height:64px;top:50%;left:50%;margin-top:-32px;margin-left:-32px}.loading-indicator img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}}@media print{@page{margin:0}html{margin:0}body{margin:0;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact}#sidebar{display:none}#page-container{width:auto;height:auto;overflow:visible;background-color:transparent}.d{display:none}}.pf{position:relative;background-color:white;overflow:hidden;margin:0;border:0}.pc{position:absolute;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden;display:block;transform-origin:0 (...)
BitTorrent is a communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing which is used to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet. BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files, such as digital video files containing TV shows or video clips or digital audio files containing songs. Peer-to-peer networks have been estimated to collectively account for approximately 43% to 70% of all Internet traffic (depending on location) as of February 2009.
To send or receive files, a person uses a BitTorrent client on their Internet-connected computer. A BitTorrent client is a computer program that implements the BitTorrent protocol. Popular clients include μTorrent, Xunlei, Transmission, qBittorrent, Vuze, Deluge, (...)
Definition of Type I error:
Probability of rejecting null hypothesis when it is TRUE.
Definition of Type II error:
Probability of not rejecting null hypothesis when it is False.
Imagine tests on 1000 hypotheses 100 of which are true.
The tests have a false positive rate of 5%. That means they produce 45 false positives (5% of 900). They have a power of .8, so they can confirm only 80 of the true hypotheses, producing 20 negatives.
Not knowing what is false and what is not the researcher sees 125 hypotheses as true, 45 of which are not. The negative results are much more reliable but less likely to be published.
A parable concerning editorial policies
There's this desert prison, see, with an old prisoner, resigned to his life, and a young one (...)
A cognitive neuroscience perspective on the interpersonal dimension of psilocybin
Abstract
Psilocybin (O-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is an indole alkaloid which is present in more than 150 fungi species, some of which are endemic to the UK (e.g., ). Its molecular structure closely resembles serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). In humans, psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated to psilocin (4-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) which functions as a non-selective partial 5-HT receptor agonist (it shows particularly high binding affinity for the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor subtypes; Nichols, 2004). A landmark study conducted at Johns Hopkins University by MacLean, Johnson & Griffiths (2011) experimentally demonstrated that a single high-dose of psilocybin can induce long-lasting (...)
