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The Aristotelian syllogistic logic behind the Fisherian p-value is ubiquitously misunderstood. This can lead to various fallacious logical inferences. The p-value resembles a Kantian paralogism, i.e., the metric appears objective and logically valid, even though it is not. The reliance on the p-value is an irrational social ritual (cf. Gigerenzer, 2004). Social conformity, obedience to authority, groupthink, and other aspects of Social Identity Theory (SIT) play an important role in this context.
Given the well-documented paralogisms associated with classical Fisherian null hypothesis significance testing (cf. Cohen, 1994) I advocate alternative inferential research methods. For the statistical analyses of the experimental data I collected during my PhD I utilised Bayesian bootstrapping, Bayes Factor analysis, and Bayesian parameter estimation via Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations (in addition to classical NHST).
“Few researchers are aware that their own heroes rejected what they practice routinely. Awareness of the origins of the ritual and of its rejection could cause a virulent cognitive dissonance, in addition to dissonance with editors, reviewers, and dear colleagues. Suppression of conflicts and contradicting information is in the very nature of this social ritual.”
(Gerd Gigerenzer, 2004, p. 592; Director Emeritus of the Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, inter alia)
The great ancient knowledge system of India known as Vedānta has several schools of thought and forms the rational philosophical system which is the foundation of Hinduism. It is based on various Upanishads178, the Brahma Sūtras, and the Bhagavad Gītā. It provides a profound science179 of the mind and consciousness which is relevant for contemporary westerns sciences like psychology, neuroscience, biology, and physics (Frawley, 2001; Silberstein, 2017; Vaidya & Bilimoria, 2015). Most Vedāntic schools of thought are dualistic in nature with the exception of Advaita Vedānta which is furthermore incompatible with superficial and naïve materialistic ideologies (e.g., naïve realism). Its introspective methods permit deep insights (...)
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The majority of professors who lecture statistics are unable to interpret a simple t-test correctly as the following empirical data illustrates (adapted from Haller & Krauss, 2002).
Figure 1. Fallacious statistical reasoning in the interpretation of an independent samples t-test (Haller & Krauss, 2002).
"Teaching statistics to psychology students should not only consist of teaching
calculations, procedures and formulas, but should focus much more on statistical
thinking and understanding of the methods...Since thinking as well as understanding are genuine matters of scientific psychology, it is astounding that these issues have been largely neglected in the methodology instruction of psychology students." (Haller & Krauss, 2002, p.17)
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The fusiform face area (FFA) is a region of the human brain, located in the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe. It is primarily associated with the processing and recognition of faces.
Research using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has consistently shown increased activity in the fusiform face area when individuals are presented with images of faces compared to other objects or stimuli. This specialization suggests that the FFA plays a critical role in the neural circuitry underlying face perception.
While the exact mechanisms of how the FFA processes facial information are not fully understood, it is believed to be involved in various aspects of face processing, including holistic face perception (viewing faces as integrated wholes rather than (...)
See also my project http://belief-bias.de
Every man prefers belief to the exercise of judgment.
~ Seneca
We speak not strictly and philosophically when we talk of the combat of passion and of reason. Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them.~ Hume
A well studied phenomenon in the psychology of reasoning is termed belief bias (Evans et al., 1983; Markovits & Nantel, 1989). Belief bias labels the long standing effect that reasoners are more likely to accept a believable conclusion to a syllogism than an unbelievable one, independent of the actual logical validity of the conclusion (i.e. Wilkins, 1928; Henle & Michael, 1956; Kaufman & Goldstein, 1967). For instance, examination of the (...)
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