Dk default

Visualisation of brain statistics with R packages ggseg and ggseg3d

Tracula

Tracts constrained by underlying anatomy

Subcortical tracts

Tract probability maps in stereotaxic space (based on diffusion tensor imaging data)

Aicha

Atlas of intrinsic connectivity of homotopic areas

Attention networks

Organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity

Glasser's parcellation for Human Connectome Project (HCP)

A multi-modal parcellation of the cerebral cortex

Ryōkan (大愚)

Moon ≠ Pointing finger

Visualising the brain

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Neuroimaging timeline

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Interactivity: Hold down the left mouse-key to rotate the brain model in 3-dimensional Cartesian space. You can pan its position using the right key.

The map is not the territory.
The menu is not the meal.
(Cf. Korzybski's general semantics argument)

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Dk default

Rplot-brodman-cortical-atlas

# Enable this universe
options(repos = c(
  ggseg = 'https://ggseg.r-universe.dev',
  CRAN = 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))
# Install some packages
#install.packages('ggsegDefaultExtra')
##########################
library(ggsegDefaultExtra)
library(ggseg)
library(ggplot2)
plot(dkextra) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 7)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 3))
##########################
ggseg(atlas = dkextra, mapping = aes(fill = region)) +
  scale_fill_brain("dk") +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 7)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 3))
##########################
library(ggseg3d)
library(dplyr)
ggseg3d(atlas = hcpa_3d) %>% 
  add_glassbrain("left") %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")
##########################
ggseg3d(atlas = hcpa_3d) %>% 
  add_glassbrain("left") %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")
##########################
# Print all rows of dkextra
print(dkextra, n = Inf)
# Capture the output of print(dkextra)
output <- capture.output(print(dkextra, n = Inf))
# Open a text file for writing
file_path <- "dkextra.txt"
writeLines(output, file_path)

Based on: Mowinckel AM, Vidal-Piñeiro D. Visualization of Brain Statistics With R Packages ggseg and ggseg3d.
Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. 2020; 3(4):466-483. doi:10.1177/2515245920928009

Brodmann, K. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues (J. A. Barth, 1909); Brodmann’s Localization in the Cerebral Cortex (Smith Gordon, 1994) [transl. Garey, L.J.]

Download dataset

View R code

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Tracula

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Tracula (TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy)
URL: https://github.com/ggseg/ggsegTracula
This package contains a tractography dataset for plotting the 'Tracula' white matter tracts with ggseg and ggseg3d.
Based on: Yendiki et al. (2011) Automated probabilistic reconstruction of white-matter pathways in health and disease using an atlas of the underlying anatomy. Front. Neuroinform. 5:23. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2011.00023
Cf. Using diffusion MRI data acquired with ultra-high gradients to improve tractography in routine-quality data. Maffei C, Lee C, Planich M, Ramprasad M, Ravi N, Trainor D, Urban Z, Kim M, Jones R, Henin A, Hofmann S, Pizzagalli D, Auerbach R, Gabrieli J, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Greve D, Haber N, Yendiki A (2021). NeuroImage 245:118706.

Rplot-brodman-cortical-atlas

#See also https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/Tracula
# Enable this universe
options(repos = c(
  ggseg = 'https://ggseg.r-universe.dev',
  CRAN = 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

# Install some packages
install.packages('ggsegTracula')

# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("LCBC-UiO/ggsegTracula")

library(ggseg)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggseg3d)
library(ggsegTracula)
library(dplyr)
#> 
#> Attaching package: 'dplyr'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
#> 
#>     filter, lag
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
#> 
#>     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
plot(tracula) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom", 
        legend.text = element_text(size = 9)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 3))


ggseg3d(atlas = tracula_3d) %>% 
  add_glassbrain() %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")

Subcortical tracts

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View R code

Based on: Hua, K., Zhang, J., Wakana, S., Jiang, H., Li, X., Reich, D. S., Calabresi, P. A., Pekar, J. J., van Zijl, P. C., & Mori, S. (2008). Tract probability maps in stereotaxic spaces: analyses of white matter anatomy and tract-specific quantification. NeuroImage, 39(1), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.053

subcortical

# Enable this universe
options(repos = c(
  ggseg = 'https://ggseg.r-universe.dev',
  CRAN = 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

# Install some packages
install.packages('ggsegJHU')

library(ggsegJHU)

library(ggseg)
library(ggplot2)

plot(jhu) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 7)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 2))

library(ggseg3d)
library(dplyr)

ggseg3d(atlas = jhu_3d) %>% 
  add_glassbrain("left") %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")

Aicha

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View R code

Based on: Joliot, M., Jobard, G., Naveau, M., Delcroix, N., Petit, L., Zago, L., … & Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2015). AICHA: An atlas of intrinsic connectivity of homotopic areas. Journal of neuroscience methods, 254, 46-59.

aicha

# Enable this universe
options(repos = c(
  ggseg = 'https://ggseg.r-universe.dev',
  CRAN = 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

#####################

library(ggseg)
library(ggseg3d)
library(ggsegAicha)
library(ggplot2)

plot(aicha) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom", 
        legend.text = element_text(size = 9)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 6))
######################
library(dplyr)
ggseg3d(atlas = aicha_3d) %>% 
  add_glassbrain() %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")

Attention networks

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View R code

Based on: Yeo, B. T., Krienen, F. M., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M. R., Lashkari, D., Hollinshead, M., Roffman, J. L., Smoller, J. W., Zöllei, L., Polimeni, J. R., Fischl, B., Liu, H., & Buckner, R. L. (2011). The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Journal of neurophysiology, 106(3), 1125–1165. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00338.2011

attention3

#See also: https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/CorticalParcellation_Yeo2011
# Enable this universe
options(repos = c(
  ggseg = 'https://ggseg.r-universe.dev',
  CRAN = 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

# Install some packages
install.packages('ggsegYeo2011')

library(ggsegYeo2011)

library(ggplot2)
library(ggseg)

plot(yeo7) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 9)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 3))

##################

plot(yeo17) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 9)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 3))
##############
library(ggseg3d)
library(dplyr)

ggseg3d(atlas = yeo7_3d) %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")
#############
ggseg3d(atlas = yeo17_3d) %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")

Glasser's parcellation for Human Connectome Project (HCP)

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View R code

Based on: Glasser, M., Coalson, T., Robinson, E. et al. A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex. Nature 536, 171–178 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18933

glasser

# Enable this universe
options(repos = c(
  ggseg = 'https://ggseg.r-universe.dev',
  CRAN = 'https://cloud.r-project.org'))

# Install some packages
install.packages('ggsegGlasser')


library(ggsegGlasser)

library(ggseg)
#> Warning: package 'ggseg' was built under R version 4.1.1
#> Loading required package: ggplot2
library(ggplot2)

plot(glasser) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.text = element_text(size = 9)) +
  guides(fill = guide_legend(ncol = 7))
#####################
library(ggseg3d)
library(dplyr)

ggseg3d(atlas = glasser_3d) %>% 
  pan_camera("right lateral")

Ryōkan (大愚)

Relying upon a finger, we see the moon
Relying upon the moon, we understand the finger.
— • —
Moon and finger
are neither the same nor different.
Having seen reality as it is,
There is neither moon nor finger.
— • —
Śuraṅgama Sūtra:
"You and others like you still listen to the Dharma with conditioned minds, and therefore you fail to understand its real nature. Consider this example: Suppose someone is pointing to the moon to show it to another person. That other person, guided by the pointing finger, should now look at the moon. But if he looks instead at the finger, taking it to be the moon, not only does he fail to see the moon, but he is mistaken, too, about the finger. He has confused the finger, with which someone is pointing to the moon, with the moon, which is being pointed to."
* * *
Hsüan Hua and Buddhist Text Translation Society, eds., The Śuraṅgama Sutra: A New Translation (Ukiah, Calif: Buddhist Text Translation Society, 2009), “Visual Awareness Is Not Dependent upon Conditions.”

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icon-download Download ggseg-main.zip
“Contains ggplot2 geom for plotting brain atlases using simple features. The largest component of the package is the data for the two built-in atlases. Plotting results of analyses on regions or networks often involves swapping between statistical tools, like R, and software for brain imaging to correctly visualise analysis results. This package aims to make it possible to plot results directly through R.”
icon-github-alt Source URL: https://github.com/ggseg/ggseg.git

citHeader("To cite ggseg in publications use:")
citEntry(
  entry    = "misc",
  title    = "Visualisation of Brain Statistics with R-packages ggseg and ggseg3d",
  author   = "Athanasia M. Mowinckel and Didac Vidal-Piñeiro",
  year     = "2019",
  eprint   =  "1912.08200",
  archivePrefix  =   "arXiv",
  primaryClass   =   "stat.OT",
  textVersion =  paste("Athanasia M. Mowinckel and Didac Vidal-Piñeiro (2019).",
  "Visualisation of Brain Statistics with R-packages ggseg and ggseg3d.",
  "arXiv:1912.08200")
  )

if (!require("remotes")) install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("netique/scihubr")
scihubr::download_paper("10.1037/h0028063") #enter doi

* * *
The map is not the territory.
“The best model of a cat is another or, preferably, the same cat.” (Rosenblueth & Wiener, 1945)
Rosenblueth, A., & Wiener, N. (1945). The role of models in science. Philosophy of Science, 12, 316-321.